The Role of Police Essay - 2107 Words

The Role of Police. People depend on police officers and detectives to protect their lives and property. Law enforcement officers, some of whom are State or Federal special agents or inspectors, perform these duties in a variety of ways, depending on the size and type of their organization. In most jurisdictions, they are expected to exercise authority when necessary, whether on or off duty. Police officers have general law enforcement duties, including maintaining regular patrols and responding to calls for service. They may direct traffic at the scene of an accident, investigate a burglary, or give first aid to an accident victim. In large police departments, officers usually are assigned to a specific type of duty. Many urban†¦show more content†¦That officer is still upholding the law and enforcing it by warning the driver and letting him know what he did was wrong. However, the typical day-to-day execution of law tends to run more towards controlling situations whe re the public comes into disagreement. Whether breaking up a domestic disturbance, a loud party, or a traffic jam, the role of Police does not generally have much to do with enforcing the law as much as to smooth out any issues and have them be dealt with in court. Because of this, it can be said that the actual, practical role of Police in society is to act as expedient mediators. Not only should an officer enforces the laws he should also be a follower of them. It is not within the role of a police officer to be a criminal. Everyone makes mistakes sure, but an officer that breaks more serious law such as doing drugs, stealing, or assaulting someone becomes a hypocrite and gives a bad name to other officers. Also, part of enforcing the law is leading by example and being a good model for others to look at and copy. Approximately only 10 to 20 percent of calls made to the police involve a situation that needs immediate enforcing of laws. These are the burglaries in progress, th e fights, and other things that usually lead to the officer having to make an arrest. (Schmalleger, 110) Police are sometimes limited in their resources and do not haveShow MoreRelatedRole of Police in Democracy1272 Words   |  6 PagesRole of the Police in Democratic Society (Broader than mere â€Å"function†) Police as the guarantor in Protecting Human Rights of Citizens—Civil and Political The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a resolution of the United Nations General Assembly. The right to life, liberty and security of person Introduction The role of the police all over the world has been traditionally seen within the basic context of: the Prevention and detection of crime, Protection of life and propertyRead MorePolice Role in Socety1863 Words   |  7 PagesTable of Content 1. Police Role in Society (Chapter 5 Police ) Criminal Justice-COLL | Police in Contemporary Society www.indiana.edu/~deanfac/.../cjus_p301_21339.html‎ Article: www.preservearticles.com/.../notes-on-the-role-of-police-in-society.html‎ Web Sites: Role of Police in Society – Activist Role www.activistrights.org.au †º Legal Context of Activism The Role of Police in a Democratic Society scholarlycommons.law.northwest...‎ 2. Religion (chapter 2 Determining MoralRead MoreRole of Police Agencies1372 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Agencies The police forces exist in every country and every society on different levels and to play different roles. Whether they are public or private, the roles of the police and their motives remain pretty much the same. They exist to carry out those tasks that people do not want to do for themselves or maybe are incapable of performing those jobs. The job of the police agencies is extremely dangerous, hectic and requires the person to be alert at all times and also stresses the individualsRead MoreRole of Police in Democracy1288 Words   |  6 PagesRole of the Police in Democratic Society (Broader than mere â€Å"function†) Police as the guarantor in Protecting Human Rights of Citizens—Civil and Political The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a resolution of the United Nations General Assembly. The right to life, liberty and security of person Introduction The role of the police all over the world has been traditionally seen within the basic context of: the Prevention and detection of crime, Protection of life and property andRead MorePolice Department Role And Functions1161 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Police Department Roles and Functions Shontay Manigault CJA/214 1/11/2015 Kevin Marshall Police Department Roles and Functions There are many various functions of police agencies. 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In this paper, weRead MorePolice Department Roles and Functions1039 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: POLICE DEPARTMENT ROLES AND FUNCTIONS Police Department Roles and Functions xxxxxx Axia College of University of Phoenix CJA/214 xxxxx Police Department Roles and Functions Law enforcement agencies range from local counties all the way up to state and federal levels. Communities are dependent of these agencies to conduct and perform many different roles and functions. All policing agencies perform the same basic duties and responsibilities, which are, maintain law andRead MorePolice Department Roles and Functions943 Words   |  4 PagesPolice Department Roles and Functions CJA/214 September 20, 2012 Scott Mann Roles and Functions The Police Department must serve many roles and purposes so they also must take care of any issues that arise, dealing with the law or public safety. For this reason they have different specialized concentrations of officers designed to carry out certain functions. This also varies according to jurisdiction where there are state, local and even federal jurisdictions. This also affects what areRead MoreRole of Police and Policing Today603 Words   |  2 PagesRole of Police and Policing Today Introduction Former New York Police Commissioner William Bratton declared at a recent conference on modern policing strategies that community policing works in good times and bad (Madrid, 2011). The bad times he was referring to was the budget cuts plaguing large and small cities nationwide. The old style of policing, where officers responded to individual calls, managed cases, and relied heavily on coercion, is comparatively inefficient declared Bratton. CommunityRead MoreGendered Roles Of The Police Force Essay2083 Words   |  9 Pages(Horton and Smith, 1988). These exposures to the police force although from inconsistent sources, have one key consistency, they are highly gendered and hyper- masculine (Wells and Alt, 2005). The police force has experienced great advances in terms of gender relations since the 1980s, however gender still influences the trends, forces and tensions that shape what it is to be a woman in law enforcement (Wells and Alt, 2005). Gendered issues in the police force o ccur within the organizational approaches

So Much to Tell You †John Marsden Free Essays

So Much to Tell You by John Marsden, explores the struggle that the protagonist, Marina, endures along her journey to mental wholeness. Marina’s soul has been shattered due to a traumatic event, and being witness to a large amount of violence and hatred in her family. So Much To Tell You is rich in techniques that are used effectively to convey the idea of Marina’s struggle, and journey towards mental wholeness. We will write a custom essay sample on So Much to Tell You – John Marsden or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marina’s difficulty in achieving psychological completion is shown through the major technique, structural contrast. We follow Marina’s personal journey and her healing throughout the novel, and we watch as she develops from an introverted, mistrustful person into someone who is able to appropriately communicate with other individuals. Marina uses a tone of self-loathing to show us that she views herself as a â€Å"nutcase†, psycho† and â€Å"the freak of Warrington† who suffers from â€Å"anorexia of speech†. Marina is sent to Warrington Boarding School â€Å"to learn to speak again, because [her] mother can’t stand [her] silent presence at home†. At first Marina is isolated and detached from the rest of the school, shown through the retreat imagery of Marina as she â€Å"slinks along the walls and corridors†. As the novel progresses, Marina’s entries suggest that she is becoming more in touch with her peers, and â€Å"moving round the school more confidently†. Her visit to Mr Lindells house over the weekend is a very significant event in Marina’s transformation. Throughout the weekend she becomes more expressive, expressed through her tone of excitement in the phrase â€Å"it was good! And they’re so nice! Nice, nice, nice†! Here, the use of exclamation and the repetition of the word, ‘nice’ emphasise Marina’s positive involvement in life. This is contrasted with Marina being a passive spectator during school tennis, and life in general. Towards the end of the novel Marina chooses on her own accord to return to Warrington, and reaches out to Mr Lindell to help her, a drastic change from the beginning of the novel where she didn’t interact with anyone at all. In the early stages of the novel, the struggle and difficulty of repairing Marina’s psyche due to damage and conflict within her family, and Marina’s journey towards mental health, is conveyed through the composer’s effective manipulation of fragmentation imagery. Perhaps the most prominent examples of fragmentation imagery would be Ann Maltin’s â€Å"spangled star doona cover†. Ann tells Marina the â€Å"the stars do fit together, but it took [her] years to figure it out†. This is a metaphor for Marina’s damaged psyche, and it foreshadows her psychological wholeness. Her psyche will fit together again; she just has to give it time to heal. Marina also explains the she likes ‘the word â€Å"coalesce†, though when [she] looks at it for a long time it seems strange and ugly†. This is how Marina views herself, a jumble of â€Å"strange and ugly† fragments that need to â€Å"coalesce† in order to become one healed psyche. She also writes about the way the pool is when there is nobody there â€Å"then the first girl jumps or dives in – and it all cracks†. This demonstrates how fragile Marina’s psyche is; it could shatter at any time. Ann Maltin also â€Å"had a ceramic piece†¦ on the cupboard beside her bed. It was a big bird, an eagle†. Whilst â€Å"vacuuming the dorm† Marina accidentally knocks the bird of its stand, and it promptly shatters on the floor. Even after Ann has glued it back together, she â€Å"can still see the cracks. [She] will always see them. This indicates that Marina will heal, but she will never be exactly the same person as she was before the incident, and she will always be scarred from the traumatic event. John Marsden has greatly emphasised the importance of Marina repairing her damaged psyche through the use of metaphors, foreshadowing, and fragmentation imagery. Symbolism and figurative devices are also used effectively by John Marsden to evoke the idea of Marina’s need for retreat or refuge from the difficulties of reality, prior to her significant journey to wholeness. For Marina, the chapel at her school symbolises a sanctuary. â€Å"Churches [are] safe places, where you [can] hide†, Marina sits by herself in her dark corner and writes in her journal, it is where she can think about her life, and her father. She feels protected in the chapel, and in the school generally too. This is shown through the use of similes in the phrase â€Å"in the hospital [she] felt exposed under the white light, here [she] feels like a black snail†. This contrasts between the white exposure of the hospital, and the black refuge of the school. Similes, retreat imagery, and symbolisation are used dextrously throughout So Much To Tell You to demonstrate Marina’s difficult journey to wholeness. John Marsden dextrously uses effective techniques throughout So Much To Tell You to explore the concept of struggle and wholeness, demonstrated by the protagonist, Marina. We learn about Marina’s personal struggle to become whole again after the tragic events that have occurred prior to the beginning of the novel. We see this through the contrast of Marina’s character between the beginning of the novel and the end of the novel, the extensive use of fragmentation imagery, and the retreat imagery, that is used to convey Marina’s struggle. We trace her traumatic personal journey, difficulties and mental healing throughout the novel, on an emotional rollercoaster that is Marina’s life. How to cite So Much to Tell You – John Marsden, Essay examples

The Attack on Pearl Harbor

Question: Describe about the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese aircraft? Answer: Plan of investigation The attack on Pearl Harbor was conducted by the Japanese aircraft and it is considered as the beginning of the war between Japan and the United States. The attack was unannounced and brutal and it took place on the naval base of the United States in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The unexpected attack took place on December 7, 1941. Originally, the attack was planned only as preventive effort to keep the Pacific fleet of the United States from influencing the war that was being planned by Japan in Southeast Asia. However the attack on Pearl Harbor resulted in the entry of the United States in the Second World War which has been going on for more than two years in the Europe (Minoru, 1993). There are several questions that are related with the attack on Pearl Harbor. Many people have asked the question if America could have been well prepared for the attack but if it was an intelligence failure or the failure of the foreign policy of the US. In order to properly assess the problem of Pearl Har bor, it is important to study the US foreign policy at that time (Heinrichs, 1988). Summary of Evidence The attack took place in the same way as was hoped by Japan. It was a total surprise and killed 2,403 Americans and 1178 were wounded. Apart from the loss of human life, 18 ships were sunk or damaged seriously. Similarly, 188 airplanes were destroyed and 159 were damaged. The question still remains to be answered if the attack was really a surprise attack. Several warning signs have been received by the United States which indicated that there was likelihood that Pearl Harbor may be bound. While comprehensive plans were made by Japan to carry out this attack, on the other hand it appears that Pearl Harbor was not prepared to deal with the devastation that was caused by this attack on December 7, 1941. It is alleged by many people that the government could have been prepared for the attack if adequate communication was present between the military officers and the government in this regard. At the same time, there are many who believe that the administration of Pres. Roosevelt can be held responsible for the devastation that was caused by this attack. As a result, for the lost more than 50 years, this incident has been involved in cover-ups, speculation and deceit although a number of studies have been conducted in this regard which have tried to reveal the truth (Stolley, 1991 p119). The major events related with the attack can be described as follows: January 1941: Yamamoto prepares plan for attack on Pearl Harbor October: General approval is given by Hirohito for the attack on Pearl Harbor November 8: The formal battle plan for attack that was going to take place in December was approved by Hirohito November 26: the attack fleet of Japan set sail December 7: surprise attack is launched by Japan on Pearl Harbor December 8: war is announced by the United States and Britain on Japan December 11: war is declared by Germany on the United States Some of the key people that need to be mentioned while discussing the Pearl Harbor attack are: Franklin D. Roosevelt: the 32nd president of the US. He implemented the economic penalties due to which Japan became angry. Roosevelt also requested the declaration of war after Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japan in December, 1941. Yamamoto Isoroku: He was the Japanese admiral who had planned the attack on Pearl Harbor. Hirohito: He was the Japanese Emperor and the approved the plan for attack on Pearl Harbor. Richmond K. Turner: He was the admiral of the U.S. Navy. Turner had warned that the Navy should be put on high alert status and he had also recommended that security should be increased at Pearl Harbor. However the recommendations made by Turner were only implemented in part. Evaluation of sources: In Robert Stinnetts Day Of Deceit, it has been alleged that Japan was deliberately provoked and allowed by the Roosevelt administration to attack Pearl Harbor so that the United States can enter the World War II. In this book, it has been claimed by Stinnett that he had come across certain information that reveals that the attacking fleet had been detected by radio and intelligence intercepts however the information was deliberately prevented from reaching Admiral Kimmel, who was the commander of the base at that time (Reischauer, 1990). Since its release, this book has been referenced by those who are in favor of advanced knowledge theories. On the other hand, there are many who reject this work and point out that several key errors are present in this book and at the same time, the author has relied on some doubtful sources (Budiansky, 2002). However in this book, Stinnett points out towards several facts in favor of his theory. For example, Lt. Kermit Tyler was contacted regarding a radar contact on an inbound flight but he told the operators that we should forget about it. It was also ordered that AAF fighters should be parked in close proximity so that sabotage can be avoided. Similarly, some officers ordered that the ammunition should be kept locked, far away from the guns (Pelz, 1974 p73). At the same time, comparisons have also been made between Pearl Harbor and the dropping of nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In this regard, several arguments are being given both in favor of and against dropping the nuclear bombs on these Japanese cities. Some arguments try to justify the dropping of nuclear bombs. In this way, the arguments that try to justify the dropping of nuclear bomb claim that "all is fair in love and war" which means that there are no specific rules that have to be followed when it comes to the efforts for winning the war by a country. On the other hand, there are many who argue that the dropping of nuclear bombs on these two Japanese cities cannot be justified because such large-scale violence, against women and children cannot be justified. However, in this regard, the fact needs to be noted that nearly 1200 men women and children lost their lives in the Pearl Harbor attack by Japan and as a result, the attack on Pearl Harbor is frequently used to j ustify the dropping of nuclear bombs on Japan because these forms of play a major role in bringing the war to an end (Lutton, 1991 p431). Analysis: In this regard, it can be said that basically, the attack on Pearl Harbor sums up the previous bad relations that were present between Japan and the United States. Another ironical fact in this regard is that on the day, the attack on Pearl Harbor took place, the diplomats from the United States and Japan were discussing the moves of Japan in Southeast Asia. However the diplomats from the Japanese side were well aware of the fact that the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese was in full preparation. In fact, due to the reason that the diplomats from the US and Japan were discussing war efforts, it helped the Japanese aircrafts to launch the sneaky attack. However, the Japanese generals also regretted the attack soon thereafter. For example, Admiral Isoruku Yamamoto admitted later on that the attack Pearl Harbor may have "awakened a sleeping giant" (Utley, 1985 p173). This means that the US could have been waiting for such a move on part of Japan and the attack on Pearl Ha rbor could have provided an excuse to the US to enter the War. In this regard, it is important to note that Admiral Yamamoto had himself made the plan for attacking Pearl Harbor as he was the commander in chief of the Navy of Japan. However he believed that the best strategy in this regard would be to act in complete secrecy because eventually the United States would engage in Japan in a war. Therefore, it was firmly believed by Yamamoto that the only hope Japan had of winning the War was to the strike first and in this way, knock-out the military power of the US (LaFeber, 1994 p399). At the same time, it is also believed that the attack on Pearl Harbor was also a warning to the US to remain away from the war in Southeast Asia. However, the attack was considered as a challenge by the United States and it entered the World War II with strong determination. In order to teach a lesson to Japan for the attack on Pearl Harbor, the US had also stopped the flow of oil and rubber to Japan which had a significant impact on the war efforts of Japan because these supplies are required for tanks, ships and airplanes of Japan. Another thing that needs to be mentioned in case of the attack on Pearl Harbor is that the United States was considered as the major obstacle in the way of Japanese victory in Southeast Asia as well as in western Pacific Ocean (Wohlstetter, 1962). Japan was also aware of the fact that after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Americans will go all out to take revenge from Japan and as a result, the only possible way to defeat the United States would be to in vade other countries so that supplies could be received from these countries (Utley, 1985 p173). It has been revealed by historical analysis over the years that a number of warning signs were present during the months before the attack and some military leaders of the US, including Admiral Turner were concerned regarding the vulnerability of Pearl Harbor base to an attack from the Japanese (Wohlstetter, 1962). Moreover the US also succeeded in decoding and reading the Japanese military communications up to sometime before the attack when the military codes were abruptly changed by Japan. Under these circumstances, most of the people in the US administration, including Pres. Roosevelt were almost certain that some kind of major action was being planned by Japan against the interests of the US. In fact, a meeting had been scheduled for December 7 in order to discuss this matter. However, the administration was not aware of the target of the attack and similarly the authorities at Pearl Harbor were not notified to remain on alert (Reischauer, 1990). Conclusion Pres. Roosevelt had also appointed a commission of inquiry after the attack on Pearl Harbor in order to decide if negligence could have contributed in the success of Japan in its attack on Pearl Harbor. In the report of the commission, it was found that the Army and naval commanders stationed in the Hawaiian area, Maj. Gen. Walter C. Short and Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel were found to be guilty of "errors of judgment" and "dereliction of duty". Subsequently, these two officers retired from the Armed Forces. Similarly, a bipartisan Congressional committee also undertook an investigation in November, 1945. During this investigation, the testimonies from a lot of people were heard in order to review the attack. In the report of this Committee, the main blame was also placed on Short and Kimmel however they were not found guilty of dereliction of duty but only guilty of errors of judgment (McManns, 2000). In the end, till this date, avid speculations are going on as to what could have been and what should have been done by the United States to prevent the attack on Pearl Harbor. Much more speculations have been going on regarding the amount of information available to the United States and its allies regarding the Japanese plans of attacking Pearl Harbor. It also needs to be noted that the prime minister of Britain, Winston Churchill desperately wanted that the United States should take an active part in the War and he was continuously pressurizing his old friend, Roosevelt that America should take an active part in the war. Some historians have even gone to the extent of suggesting that specific information was available with the British intelligence regarding the attack on Pearl Harbor however, Churchill deliberately decided to withhold this information because such an attack would make the United States joined the war. However, such claims have not been confirmed although a fierce debate is still going on. References Genda, Minoru, (1993), Analysis No. 1 of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Operation AI, edited by Donald M. Goldstein and Katherine V. Dillon, The Pearl Harbor Papers: Inside The Japanese Plans (Washington: Brasseys) Heinrichs, Waldo, (1988), Threshold of War: Franklin D. Roosevelt and American entry into World War II, (New York: Oxford University Press). LaFeber, Walter, (1994), THE AMERICAN AGE: The United States Foreign Policy at Home and Abroad, 2nd ed. (New York: W.W. Norton Company). LaFeber, Walter. (1994), The American Age: U.S. Foreign Policy At Home and Abroad: 1750 to the Present 2 ed. W.W. Norton Company. London: 399-402 Lutton, Charles. (1991) Pearl Harbor: Fifty Years of Controversy. Journal of Historical Review 11.4: 431 McManns, John F. (2000) Principles First The New American 16.3 31 January: also at https://www.thenewamerican.com Pelz, Stephen E. (1974), Race to Pearl Harbor Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts,83-94 Reischauer, Edwin O., (1990), JAPAN: The Story of a Nation 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company). Stephen Budiansky, (2002), Battle of Wits: The Complete Story of Codebreaking in World War II, Touchstone Books. Stolley, Roger A. (1991) Pearl Harbor Attack No Surprise. Journal for Historical Review 12.1: 119 Utley, Jonathan G. (1985), Going to War With Japan: 1937-1941 University of Tennessee Press. Knoxville, 173 Wohlstetter, Roberta, (1962), Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision, (California: Stanford University Press)