The Role of Police Essay - 2107 Words

The Role of Police. People depend on police officers and detectives to protect their lives and property. Law enforcement officers, some of whom are State or Federal special agents or inspectors, perform these duties in a variety of ways, depending on the size and type of their organization. In most jurisdictions, they are expected to exercise authority when necessary, whether on or off duty. Police officers have general law enforcement duties, including maintaining regular patrols and responding to calls for service. They may direct traffic at the scene of an accident, investigate a burglary, or give first aid to an accident victim. In large police departments, officers usually are assigned to a specific type of duty. Many urban†¦show more content†¦That officer is still upholding the law and enforcing it by warning the driver and letting him know what he did was wrong. However, the typical day-to-day execution of law tends to run more towards controlling situations whe re the public comes into disagreement. Whether breaking up a domestic disturbance, a loud party, or a traffic jam, the role of Police does not generally have much to do with enforcing the law as much as to smooth out any issues and have them be dealt with in court. Because of this, it can be said that the actual, practical role of Police in society is to act as expedient mediators. Not only should an officer enforces the laws he should also be a follower of them. It is not within the role of a police officer to be a criminal. Everyone makes mistakes sure, but an officer that breaks more serious law such as doing drugs, stealing, or assaulting someone becomes a hypocrite and gives a bad name to other officers. Also, part of enforcing the law is leading by example and being a good model for others to look at and copy. Approximately only 10 to 20 percent of calls made to the police involve a situation that needs immediate enforcing of laws. These are the burglaries in progress, th e fights, and other things that usually lead to the officer having to make an arrest. (Schmalleger, 110) Police are sometimes limited in their resources and do not haveShow MoreRelatedRole of Police in Democracy1272 Words   |  6 PagesRole of the Police in Democratic Society (Broader than mere â€Å"function†) Police as the guarantor in Protecting Human Rights of Citizens—Civil and Political The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a resolution of the United Nations General Assembly. The right to life, liberty and security of person Introduction The role of the police all over the world has been traditionally seen within the basic context of: the Prevention and detection of crime, Protection of life and propertyRead MorePolice Role in Socety1863 Words   |  7 PagesTable of Content 1. 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The job of the police agencies is extremely dangerous, hectic and requires the person to be alert at all times and also stresses the individualsRead MoreRole of Police in Democracy1288 Words   |  6 PagesRole of the Police in Democratic Society (Broader than mere â€Å"function†) Police as the guarantor in Protecting Human Rights of Citizens—Civil and Political The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a resolution of the United Nations General Assembly. The right to life, liberty and security of person Introduction The role of the police all over the world has been traditionally seen within the basic context of: the Prevention and detection of crime, Protection of life and property andRead MorePolice Department Role And Functions1161 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Police Department Roles and Functions Shontay Manigault CJA/214 1/11/2015 Kevin Marshall Police Department Roles and Functions There are many various functions of police agencies. 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In this paper, weRead MorePolice Department Roles and Functions1039 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: POLICE DEPARTMENT ROLES AND FUNCTIONS Police Department Roles and Functions xxxxxx Axia College of University of Phoenix CJA/214 xxxxx Police Department Roles and Functions Law enforcement agencies range from local counties all the way up to state and federal levels. Communities are dependent of these agencies to conduct and perform many different roles and functions. All policing agencies perform the same basic duties and responsibilities, which are, maintain law andRead MorePolice Department Roles and Functions943 Words   |  4 PagesPolice Department Roles and Functions CJA/214 September 20, 2012 Scott Mann Roles and Functions The Police Department must serve many roles and purposes so they also must take care of any issues that arise, dealing with the law or public safety. For this reason they have different specialized concentrations of officers designed to carry out certain functions. This also varies according to jurisdiction where there are state, local and even federal jurisdictions. This also affects what areRead MoreRole of Police and Policing Today603 Words   |  2 PagesRole of Police and Policing Today Introduction Former New York Police Commissioner William Bratton declared at a recent conference on modern policing strategies that community policing works in good times and bad (Madrid, 2011). The bad times he was referring to was the budget cuts plaguing large and small cities nationwide. The old style of policing, where officers responded to individual calls, managed cases, and relied heavily on coercion, is comparatively inefficient declared Bratton. CommunityRead MoreGendered Roles Of The Police Force Essay2083 Words   |  9 Pages(Horton and Smith, 1988). These exposures to the police force although from inconsistent sources, have one key consistency, they are highly gendered and hyper- masculine (Wells and Alt, 2005). The police force has experienced great advances in terms of gender relations since the 1980s, however gender still influences the trends, forces and tensions that shape what it is to be a woman in law enforcement (Wells and Alt, 2005). Gendered issues in the police force o ccur within the organizational approaches

So Much to Tell You †John Marsden Free Essays

So Much to Tell You by John Marsden, explores the struggle that the protagonist, Marina, endures along her journey to mental wholeness. Marina’s soul has been shattered due to a traumatic event, and being witness to a large amount of violence and hatred in her family. So Much To Tell You is rich in techniques that are used effectively to convey the idea of Marina’s struggle, and journey towards mental wholeness. We will write a custom essay sample on So Much to Tell You – John Marsden or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marina’s difficulty in achieving psychological completion is shown through the major technique, structural contrast. We follow Marina’s personal journey and her healing throughout the novel, and we watch as she develops from an introverted, mistrustful person into someone who is able to appropriately communicate with other individuals. Marina uses a tone of self-loathing to show us that she views herself as a â€Å"nutcase†, psycho† and â€Å"the freak of Warrington† who suffers from â€Å"anorexia of speech†. Marina is sent to Warrington Boarding School â€Å"to learn to speak again, because [her] mother can’t stand [her] silent presence at home†. At first Marina is isolated and detached from the rest of the school, shown through the retreat imagery of Marina as she â€Å"slinks along the walls and corridors†. As the novel progresses, Marina’s entries suggest that she is becoming more in touch with her peers, and â€Å"moving round the school more confidently†. Her visit to Mr Lindells house over the weekend is a very significant event in Marina’s transformation. Throughout the weekend she becomes more expressive, expressed through her tone of excitement in the phrase â€Å"it was good! And they’re so nice! Nice, nice, nice†! Here, the use of exclamation and the repetition of the word, ‘nice’ emphasise Marina’s positive involvement in life. This is contrasted with Marina being a passive spectator during school tennis, and life in general. Towards the end of the novel Marina chooses on her own accord to return to Warrington, and reaches out to Mr Lindell to help her, a drastic change from the beginning of the novel where she didn’t interact with anyone at all. In the early stages of the novel, the struggle and difficulty of repairing Marina’s psyche due to damage and conflict within her family, and Marina’s journey towards mental health, is conveyed through the composer’s effective manipulation of fragmentation imagery. Perhaps the most prominent examples of fragmentation imagery would be Ann Maltin’s â€Å"spangled star doona cover†. Ann tells Marina the â€Å"the stars do fit together, but it took [her] years to figure it out†. This is a metaphor for Marina’s damaged psyche, and it foreshadows her psychological wholeness. Her psyche will fit together again; she just has to give it time to heal. Marina also explains the she likes ‘the word â€Å"coalesce†, though when [she] looks at it for a long time it seems strange and ugly†. This is how Marina views herself, a jumble of â€Å"strange and ugly† fragments that need to â€Å"coalesce† in order to become one healed psyche. She also writes about the way the pool is when there is nobody there â€Å"then the first girl jumps or dives in – and it all cracks†. This demonstrates how fragile Marina’s psyche is; it could shatter at any time. Ann Maltin also â€Å"had a ceramic piece†¦ on the cupboard beside her bed. It was a big bird, an eagle†. Whilst â€Å"vacuuming the dorm† Marina accidentally knocks the bird of its stand, and it promptly shatters on the floor. Even after Ann has glued it back together, she â€Å"can still see the cracks. [She] will always see them. This indicates that Marina will heal, but she will never be exactly the same person as she was before the incident, and she will always be scarred from the traumatic event. John Marsden has greatly emphasised the importance of Marina repairing her damaged psyche through the use of metaphors, foreshadowing, and fragmentation imagery. Symbolism and figurative devices are also used effectively by John Marsden to evoke the idea of Marina’s need for retreat or refuge from the difficulties of reality, prior to her significant journey to wholeness. For Marina, the chapel at her school symbolises a sanctuary. â€Å"Churches [are] safe places, where you [can] hide†, Marina sits by herself in her dark corner and writes in her journal, it is where she can think about her life, and her father. She feels protected in the chapel, and in the school generally too. This is shown through the use of similes in the phrase â€Å"in the hospital [she] felt exposed under the white light, here [she] feels like a black snail†. This contrasts between the white exposure of the hospital, and the black refuge of the school. Similes, retreat imagery, and symbolisation are used dextrously throughout So Much To Tell You to demonstrate Marina’s difficult journey to wholeness. John Marsden dextrously uses effective techniques throughout So Much To Tell You to explore the concept of struggle and wholeness, demonstrated by the protagonist, Marina. We learn about Marina’s personal struggle to become whole again after the tragic events that have occurred prior to the beginning of the novel. We see this through the contrast of Marina’s character between the beginning of the novel and the end of the novel, the extensive use of fragmentation imagery, and the retreat imagery, that is used to convey Marina’s struggle. We trace her traumatic personal journey, difficulties and mental healing throughout the novel, on an emotional rollercoaster that is Marina’s life. How to cite So Much to Tell You – John Marsden, Essay examples

The Attack on Pearl Harbor

Question: Describe about the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese aircraft? Answer: Plan of investigation The attack on Pearl Harbor was conducted by the Japanese aircraft and it is considered as the beginning of the war between Japan and the United States. The attack was unannounced and brutal and it took place on the naval base of the United States in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The unexpected attack took place on December 7, 1941. Originally, the attack was planned only as preventive effort to keep the Pacific fleet of the United States from influencing the war that was being planned by Japan in Southeast Asia. However the attack on Pearl Harbor resulted in the entry of the United States in the Second World War which has been going on for more than two years in the Europe (Minoru, 1993). There are several questions that are related with the attack on Pearl Harbor. Many people have asked the question if America could have been well prepared for the attack but if it was an intelligence failure or the failure of the foreign policy of the US. In order to properly assess the problem of Pearl Har bor, it is important to study the US foreign policy at that time (Heinrichs, 1988). Summary of Evidence The attack took place in the same way as was hoped by Japan. It was a total surprise and killed 2,403 Americans and 1178 were wounded. Apart from the loss of human life, 18 ships were sunk or damaged seriously. Similarly, 188 airplanes were destroyed and 159 were damaged. The question still remains to be answered if the attack was really a surprise attack. Several warning signs have been received by the United States which indicated that there was likelihood that Pearl Harbor may be bound. While comprehensive plans were made by Japan to carry out this attack, on the other hand it appears that Pearl Harbor was not prepared to deal with the devastation that was caused by this attack on December 7, 1941. It is alleged by many people that the government could have been prepared for the attack if adequate communication was present between the military officers and the government in this regard. At the same time, there are many who believe that the administration of Pres. Roosevelt can be held responsible for the devastation that was caused by this attack. As a result, for the lost more than 50 years, this incident has been involved in cover-ups, speculation and deceit although a number of studies have been conducted in this regard which have tried to reveal the truth (Stolley, 1991 p119). The major events related with the attack can be described as follows: January 1941: Yamamoto prepares plan for attack on Pearl Harbor October: General approval is given by Hirohito for the attack on Pearl Harbor November 8: The formal battle plan for attack that was going to take place in December was approved by Hirohito November 26: the attack fleet of Japan set sail December 7: surprise attack is launched by Japan on Pearl Harbor December 8: war is announced by the United States and Britain on Japan December 11: war is declared by Germany on the United States Some of the key people that need to be mentioned while discussing the Pearl Harbor attack are: Franklin D. Roosevelt: the 32nd president of the US. He implemented the economic penalties due to which Japan became angry. Roosevelt also requested the declaration of war after Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japan in December, 1941. Yamamoto Isoroku: He was the Japanese admiral who had planned the attack on Pearl Harbor. Hirohito: He was the Japanese Emperor and the approved the plan for attack on Pearl Harbor. Richmond K. Turner: He was the admiral of the U.S. Navy. Turner had warned that the Navy should be put on high alert status and he had also recommended that security should be increased at Pearl Harbor. However the recommendations made by Turner were only implemented in part. Evaluation of sources: In Robert Stinnetts Day Of Deceit, it has been alleged that Japan was deliberately provoked and allowed by the Roosevelt administration to attack Pearl Harbor so that the United States can enter the World War II. In this book, it has been claimed by Stinnett that he had come across certain information that reveals that the attacking fleet had been detected by radio and intelligence intercepts however the information was deliberately prevented from reaching Admiral Kimmel, who was the commander of the base at that time (Reischauer, 1990). Since its release, this book has been referenced by those who are in favor of advanced knowledge theories. On the other hand, there are many who reject this work and point out that several key errors are present in this book and at the same time, the author has relied on some doubtful sources (Budiansky, 2002). However in this book, Stinnett points out towards several facts in favor of his theory. For example, Lt. Kermit Tyler was contacted regarding a radar contact on an inbound flight but he told the operators that we should forget about it. It was also ordered that AAF fighters should be parked in close proximity so that sabotage can be avoided. Similarly, some officers ordered that the ammunition should be kept locked, far away from the guns (Pelz, 1974 p73). At the same time, comparisons have also been made between Pearl Harbor and the dropping of nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In this regard, several arguments are being given both in favor of and against dropping the nuclear bombs on these Japanese cities. Some arguments try to justify the dropping of nuclear bombs. In this way, the arguments that try to justify the dropping of nuclear bomb claim that "all is fair in love and war" which means that there are no specific rules that have to be followed when it comes to the efforts for winning the war by a country. On the other hand, there are many who argue that the dropping of nuclear bombs on these two Japanese cities cannot be justified because such large-scale violence, against women and children cannot be justified. However, in this regard, the fact needs to be noted that nearly 1200 men women and children lost their lives in the Pearl Harbor attack by Japan and as a result, the attack on Pearl Harbor is frequently used to j ustify the dropping of nuclear bombs on Japan because these forms of play a major role in bringing the war to an end (Lutton, 1991 p431). Analysis: In this regard, it can be said that basically, the attack on Pearl Harbor sums up the previous bad relations that were present between Japan and the United States. Another ironical fact in this regard is that on the day, the attack on Pearl Harbor took place, the diplomats from the United States and Japan were discussing the moves of Japan in Southeast Asia. However the diplomats from the Japanese side were well aware of the fact that the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese was in full preparation. In fact, due to the reason that the diplomats from the US and Japan were discussing war efforts, it helped the Japanese aircrafts to launch the sneaky attack. However, the Japanese generals also regretted the attack soon thereafter. For example, Admiral Isoruku Yamamoto admitted later on that the attack Pearl Harbor may have "awakened a sleeping giant" (Utley, 1985 p173). This means that the US could have been waiting for such a move on part of Japan and the attack on Pearl Ha rbor could have provided an excuse to the US to enter the War. In this regard, it is important to note that Admiral Yamamoto had himself made the plan for attacking Pearl Harbor as he was the commander in chief of the Navy of Japan. However he believed that the best strategy in this regard would be to act in complete secrecy because eventually the United States would engage in Japan in a war. Therefore, it was firmly believed by Yamamoto that the only hope Japan had of winning the War was to the strike first and in this way, knock-out the military power of the US (LaFeber, 1994 p399). At the same time, it is also believed that the attack on Pearl Harbor was also a warning to the US to remain away from the war in Southeast Asia. However, the attack was considered as a challenge by the United States and it entered the World War II with strong determination. In order to teach a lesson to Japan for the attack on Pearl Harbor, the US had also stopped the flow of oil and rubber to Japan which had a significant impact on the war efforts of Japan because these supplies are required for tanks, ships and airplanes of Japan. Another thing that needs to be mentioned in case of the attack on Pearl Harbor is that the United States was considered as the major obstacle in the way of Japanese victory in Southeast Asia as well as in western Pacific Ocean (Wohlstetter, 1962). Japan was also aware of the fact that after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Americans will go all out to take revenge from Japan and as a result, the only possible way to defeat the United States would be to in vade other countries so that supplies could be received from these countries (Utley, 1985 p173). It has been revealed by historical analysis over the years that a number of warning signs were present during the months before the attack and some military leaders of the US, including Admiral Turner were concerned regarding the vulnerability of Pearl Harbor base to an attack from the Japanese (Wohlstetter, 1962). Moreover the US also succeeded in decoding and reading the Japanese military communications up to sometime before the attack when the military codes were abruptly changed by Japan. Under these circumstances, most of the people in the US administration, including Pres. Roosevelt were almost certain that some kind of major action was being planned by Japan against the interests of the US. In fact, a meeting had been scheduled for December 7 in order to discuss this matter. However, the administration was not aware of the target of the attack and similarly the authorities at Pearl Harbor were not notified to remain on alert (Reischauer, 1990). Conclusion Pres. Roosevelt had also appointed a commission of inquiry after the attack on Pearl Harbor in order to decide if negligence could have contributed in the success of Japan in its attack on Pearl Harbor. In the report of the commission, it was found that the Army and naval commanders stationed in the Hawaiian area, Maj. Gen. Walter C. Short and Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel were found to be guilty of "errors of judgment" and "dereliction of duty". Subsequently, these two officers retired from the Armed Forces. Similarly, a bipartisan Congressional committee also undertook an investigation in November, 1945. During this investigation, the testimonies from a lot of people were heard in order to review the attack. In the report of this Committee, the main blame was also placed on Short and Kimmel however they were not found guilty of dereliction of duty but only guilty of errors of judgment (McManns, 2000). In the end, till this date, avid speculations are going on as to what could have been and what should have been done by the United States to prevent the attack on Pearl Harbor. Much more speculations have been going on regarding the amount of information available to the United States and its allies regarding the Japanese plans of attacking Pearl Harbor. It also needs to be noted that the prime minister of Britain, Winston Churchill desperately wanted that the United States should take an active part in the War and he was continuously pressurizing his old friend, Roosevelt that America should take an active part in the war. Some historians have even gone to the extent of suggesting that specific information was available with the British intelligence regarding the attack on Pearl Harbor however, Churchill deliberately decided to withhold this information because such an attack would make the United States joined the war. However, such claims have not been confirmed although a fierce debate is still going on. References Genda, Minoru, (1993), Analysis No. 1 of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Operation AI, edited by Donald M. Goldstein and Katherine V. Dillon, The Pearl Harbor Papers: Inside The Japanese Plans (Washington: Brasseys) Heinrichs, Waldo, (1988), Threshold of War: Franklin D. Roosevelt and American entry into World War II, (New York: Oxford University Press). LaFeber, Walter, (1994), THE AMERICAN AGE: The United States Foreign Policy at Home and Abroad, 2nd ed. (New York: W.W. Norton Company). LaFeber, Walter. (1994), The American Age: U.S. Foreign Policy At Home and Abroad: 1750 to the Present 2 ed. W.W. Norton Company. London: 399-402 Lutton, Charles. (1991) Pearl Harbor: Fifty Years of Controversy. Journal of Historical Review 11.4: 431 McManns, John F. (2000) Principles First The New American 16.3 31 January: also at https://www.thenewamerican.com Pelz, Stephen E. (1974), Race to Pearl Harbor Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts,83-94 Reischauer, Edwin O., (1990), JAPAN: The Story of a Nation 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company). Stephen Budiansky, (2002), Battle of Wits: The Complete Story of Codebreaking in World War II, Touchstone Books. Stolley, Roger A. (1991) Pearl Harbor Attack No Surprise. Journal for Historical Review 12.1: 119 Utley, Jonathan G. (1985), Going to War With Japan: 1937-1941 University of Tennessee Press. Knoxville, 173 Wohlstetter, Roberta, (1962), Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision, (California: Stanford University Press)

The general environment includes Demographic Trends Essay Example

The general environment includes Demographic Trends Paper The populations of aging persons increased with geographic locations like the southern warmer states due to retirement age people migrating south. In socio-cultural, being aware of and working cultural variances of local society can help companies prepare and adapt for the future, and changes in local society can create opportunities for the company. Also beware that this is a threat to a companys growth if not monitored. Just like Education levels, Crime Levels per the population ratio and environmental friendly sections of the region. Economic factors also can influence demand for products and services. This Will dictate if it is a want or need, and the costs of producing and providing them, such as interest, Inflation and so on. The technological also cover creation, innovation and technological forecasting. Creating is an idea with profitable potential. Inventing a new product that can or will be produced and sold and monitoring technological advances in industry trends and being able to adjust and react quickly to the change. For business strategic decision, in political and legal forces, the government can control the economy, encourage new business formation, force restructurings, close or punish companies. There is global trend toward deregulation and prevarication. But for different industries, Industries differ in the degree to which political and legal forces exert influence, like wind power energy, tobacco, etc. The global influence is intricate part as it assists in deciding if a company will face the world market or not. The increasing power of the European market and the purchasing power of the Euro will affect any market worldwide. We will write a custom essay sample on The general environment includes Demographic Trends specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The general environment includes Demographic Trends specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The general environment includes Demographic Trends specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer All the above are how the environmental factors can and will affects a business strategic decision and the way business is conducted on a daily basis. Explain the differences between value-based pricing and cost-based pricing. Businesses have methods by which to price their products and/or SE;ices. Value-based pricing and cost-based pricing are two common types companies use to promote goods and services. Having the optimal prices is the way to effective marketing as well as to long-term profitability and success. Both of approaches have pros and cons relative to the other. When a company uses cost-based pricing the company sets a price at a percentage above the cost of production of the product or to provide the service. Value-based pricing sakes an approach differently by considering the potential value the product or service will bring to its customers. Value-Based Pricing A value-based pricing company considers the value of its product or service instead of the cost the company ensues to create and produce it. To do this, the company must determine how much money or value the product or service will create for the customer. This value could originate from factors such as increased efficiency, well being or stability. Companies or individuals that produce medications, chemicals, software and artwork often use this pricing strategy. Cost-Based Pricing Cost-based pricing uses manufacturing or production costs as its basis for pricing. The cost-based pricing company uses its costs of start to finish for finding a price bottom and a price roof. The bottom and the roof are the minimum and maximum prices the product or service; they serve as a price range. If the market conditions are such that the going competitive price is under the bottom price, the company may price at the bottom or attempt to lower its costs to lower the overall price. But ideally, the company should price somewhere in between the bottom and roof. Many companies that reduce in mass quantities use this pricing strategy, such as companies that produce clothing, food products and building materials. Focus Cost-based pricing focuses on the companys situation when determining price. In contrast, value-based pricing focuses on the customers when determining price. A value-based pricing company develops a means by which to calculate the potential value their product or service may bring customers and prices accordingly. Some companies use computer software to determine the value a product or service can offer. Prices When a company uses cost-based pricing, it prices between the price bottom ND the price roof. The market conditions dictate where, between the bottom and the roof, the company sets its pricing. If it uses value-based prices, the company sets its pricing in a range determined by what customers are willing to pay. Generally, the value-based price is higher. Benefits Cost-based pricing generally results in competitive prices. Companies that use this strategy may attract consumers who are looking for inexpensive products and services. The major benefit of a value-based pricing model is the ability to set prices that you know will attract buyers. This generally results from horrors market research. Value-based pricing companies often earn high profits on each item sold, but some consumers may not be willing to pay the high price and purchase from a competitor. Ways that the Elevation Burger Franchise could help and even entities franchisees during a recession: 1. Defer royalties. Thats defer, not forgive. Get a lien to secure the royalties that will be owed once the economy rebounds. 2. Focus on your core business. What attracts new customers and keeps existing customers? Do more of that! Many businesses are simply off track right now. Should you introduce new concepts? Yes, if they make sense now. But if they come at a cost, youve got to ask if the franchisees can afford them. Otherwise, stick with your core business. 3. Get creative with advertising credits. If franchisees are supposed to spend X per month on advertising, encourage them to do more guerrilla marketing. For example, if a franchisee pays an employee to wear a mascot outfit and stand out on the curb and wave in customers, give the franchisee advertising credit, and be liberal. Depending on the industry and circumstances, its almost always a mistake to reduce advertising -? too late for some franchisers. . Renegotiate supply contracts. It wont come as a surprise to your vendors that times are tough and franchisees need some help. Those who think long-term will be willing to rework their numbers now to keep your business when the economy improves. 5. Renegotiate leases. You may not be in a position to step in directly, but you can help franchisees renegotiate with landlords. Many landlords are working with tenants to provide relief; they are not forgiving rents, but they are adding money to the back end of leases. Chances are, your franchisees dont know how to begin that negotiation. Help them! Look at other leases, too. 6. Provide economic coaching. Insist on getting the franchises financial and walk through the numbers with the franchisee. This exercise alone is likely to produce several areas of potential improvement. Show franchisees where to cut and conserve, where to outsource, and how to do more with less for the time being. 7. Work with the banks. Now more than ever your franchisees need you to help them make a good case in front of their bankers. Step up and create presentations that will help wow bankers and other investors. Lenders need to know the franchiser s committed to the business and to the franchisees. 8. Stay calm. If you get emotional, the franchisee will get emotional, too. Even if the franchisee is already emotional, youve got to remain calm and set the example for the franchisee. One of your jobs is to lead. Your job is not to react. In business you will not be able to accommodate everyone but if you can appeal to the masses you will be successful. You must keep in mind that money is a huge stress for everyone no matter the situation so if you can alleviate some of the stress it will benefit all involved. Being a leader in stressful situations is he key to any success being shared with the entire franchise. Not all franchisees will react the same but when they are all still in business many months later they will be happy. The big thing as a franchiser to remember is that you are the boss and you are not in a democracy and if you see for the better on the franchise then make is so. DO not give in to pressure and stand your ground.

Biological and Mechanical Syst essays

Biological and Mechanical Syst essays Biological and Mechanical Systems of Thought The basic concepts of neural networking have existed since the beginnings of computer science. The driving force behind neural networks is the desire to have intelligent machines and systems. Over the past century, scientists and academics from many fields have collaborated to work on neural networks. Neural networks are designed to mimic the processes of the human brain and to learn complex actions by recognizing patterns and rules within a given data set. The physical structure, terminology, and theory of artificial neural networks are strongly tied to neurophysiology and psychology. Organic neurons function by firing a charge, essentially similar to an electrical charge being released by a switch. Understanding the physical structure of the organic neuron is important, as it is the basis of artificial neural networking. Axon terminals, the output sections of neurons, are connecters to other neurons dendrites, the inputs sections, by synapses. When a neuron fires an electrical signal is transmitted along the axon, which triggers a release of specific proteins into the synapse. These proteins diffuse through the synapse and bind to receptors on another neurons dendrites. As more and more protein molecules bind to a neurons receptor, a charge is built up in the receiving neuron. Once the charge builds up to a certain level, its threshold, a chain reaction occurs. Sodium-Potassium pumps are used to trigger a series of reactions along the axon, transferring the charge from one end of a neuron cell to another. Once the threshold has been reached, the excess charge that has built up is discarded, essentially returning the neuron to its ground state. A neuron can thus be interpreted in two ways, either on when the threshold has been reached, or off when the threshold has not been released. Artificial neurons...

A Timeline of Events in Electromagnetism

A Timeline of Events in Electromagnetism Human fascination with electromagnetism, the interaction of electric currents and magnetic fields, dates back to the dawn of time with the human observation of lightning and other unexplainable occurrences, such as electric fish and eels. Humans knew there was a phenomenon, but it remained shrouded in mysticism until the 1600s when scientists began digging deeper into theory. This timeline of events about the discovery and research leading to our modern understanding of electromagnetism demonstrates how scientists, inventors, and theorists worked together to advance the science collectively. 600 BCE: Sparking Amber in Ancient Greece The earliest writings about electromagnetism were in 600 BCE, when the ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician and scientist Thales of Miletus described his experiments rubbing animal fur on various substances such as amber. Thales discovered that amber rubbed with fur attracts bits of dust and hairs that create static electricity, and if he rubbed the amber for long enough, he could even get an electric spark to jump. 221–206 BCE: Chinese Lodestone Compass The magnetic compass is an ancient Chinese invention, likely first made in China during the Qin dynasty, from 221 to 206 BCE. The compass used a lodestone, a magnetic oxide, to indicate true north. The underlying concept may not have been understood, but the ability of the compass to point true north was clear. 1600: Gilbert and the Lodestone Toward the late 16th century, the founder of electrical science English scientist William Gilbert published De Magnete in Latin translated as On the Magnet or On the Lodestone. Gilbert was a contemporary of Galileo, who was impressed by Gilberts work. Gilbert undertook a number of careful electrical experiments, in the course of which he discovered that many substances were capable of manifesting electrical properties. Gilbert also discovered that a heated body lost its electricity and that moisture prevented the electrification of all bodies. He also noticed that electrified substances attracted all other substances indiscriminately, whereas a magnet only attracted iron. 1752: Franklins Kite Experiments American founding father Benjamin Franklin is famous for the extremely dangerous experiment he ran, of having his son fly a kite through a storm-threatened sky. A key attached to the kite string sparked and charged a Leyden jar, thus establishing the link between lightning and electricity. Following these experiments, he invented the lightning rod. Franklin discovered there are two kinds of charges, positive and negative: objects with like charges repel one another, and those with unlike charges attract one another. Franklin also documented the conservation of charge, the theory that an isolated system has a constant total charge. 1785: Coulombs Law In 1785, French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb developed Coulombs law, the definition of the electrostatic force of attraction and repulsion. He found that the force exerted between two small electrified bodies is directly proportional to the product of the magnitude of charges and varies inversely to the square of the distance between those charges. Coulombs discovery of the law of inverse squares virtually annexed a large part of the domain of electricity. He also produced important work on the study of friction. 1789: Galvanic Electricity In 1780, Italian professor Luigi Galvani (1737–1790) discovered that electricity from two different metals causes frog legs to twitch. He observed that a frogs muscle, suspended on an iron balustrade by a copper hook passing through its dorsal column, underwent lively convulsions without any extraneous cause. To account for this phenomenon, Galvani assumed that electricity of opposite kinds existed in the nerves and muscles of the frog. Galvani published the results of his discoveries in 1789, together with his hypothesis, which engrossed the attention of the physicists of that time. 1790: Voltaic Electricity Italian physicist, chemist and inventor Alessandro Volta (1745–1827) read of Galvanis research and in his own work discovered that chemicals acting on two dissimilar metals generate electricity without the benefit of a frog. He invented the first electric battery, the voltaic pile battery in 1799. With the pile battery, Volta proved that electricity could be generated chemically and debunked the prevalent theory that electricity was generated solely by living beings. Voltas invention sparked a great deal of scientific excitement, leading others to conduct similar experiments which eventually led to the development of the field of electrochemistry. 1820: Magnetic Fields In 1820, Danish physicist and chemist Hans Christian Oersted (1777–1851) discovered what would become known as Oersteds Law: that an electric current affects a compass needle and creates magnetic fields. He was the first scientist to find the connection between electricity and magnetism. 1821: Amperes Electrodynamics French physicist Andre Marie Ampere (1775–1836) found that wires carrying current produce forces on each other, announcing his theory of electrodynamics in 1821. Amperes theory of electrodynamics states that two parallel portions of a circuit attract one another if the currents in them are flowing in the same direction, and repel one another if the currents flow in the opposite direction. Two portions of circuits crossing one another obliquely attract one another if both the currents flow either towards or from the point of crossing and repel one another if one flows to and the other from that point. When an element of a circuit exerts a force on another element of a circuit, that force always tends to urge the second one in a direction at right angles to its own direction. 1831: Faraday and Electromagnetic Induction English scientist Michael Faraday (1791–1867) at the Royal Society in London developed the idea of an electric field and studied the effect of currents on magnets. His research found that the magnetic field created around a conductor carried a direct current, thereby establishing the basis for the concept of the electromagnetic field in physics. Faraday also established that magnetism could affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relationship between the two phenomena. He similarly discovered the principles of electromagnetic induction and diamagnetism and the laws of electrolysis. 1873: Maxwell and the Basis of Electromagnetic Theory James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), a Scottish physicist and mathematician, recognized that electromagnetisms processes could be established using mathematics. Maxwell published Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism in 1873 in which he summarizes and synthesizes the discoveries of Coloumb, Oersted, Ampere, Faraday into four mathematical equations. Maxwells equations are used today as the basis of electromagnetic theory. Maxwell predicts the connections of magnetism and electricity leading directly to the prediction of electromagnetic waves. 1885: Hertz and Electric Waves German physicist Heinrich Hertz proved Maxwells electromagnetic wave theory was correct, and in the process, generated and detected electromagnetic waves. Hertz published his work in a book, Electric Waves: Being Researches on the Propagation of Electric Action With Finite Velocity Through Space. The discovery of electromagnetic waves led to the development to the radio. The unit of frequency of the waves measured in cycles per second was named the hertz in his honor. 1895: Marconi and the Radio In 1895, Italian inventor and electrical engineer Guglielmo Marconi put the discovery of electromagnetic waves to practical use by sending messages over long distances using radio signals, also known as the wireless. He was known for his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission and his development of Marconis law and a radio telegraph system. He is often credited as the inventor of the radio, and he shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy. Sources Andrà © Marie Ampà ¨re. St. Andrews University. 1998. Web. June 10, 2018.Benjamin Franklin and the Kite Experiment. The Franklin Institute. Web. June 10, 2018.Coulombs Law. The Physics Classroom. Web. June 10, 2018. De Magnete. The William Gilbert Website. Web. June 10, 2018.July 1820: Oersted and electromagnetism. This Month in Physics History, APS News. 2008. Web. June 10, 2018.OGrady, Patricia. Thales of Miletus (c. 620 B.C.E.- c. 546 B.C.E.). Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Web. June 10, 2018Silverman, Susan. Compass, China, 200 BCE. Smith College. Web. June 10, 2018.

Structureal engeneering Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Structureal engeneering - Assignment Example These are often polluted by hazardous wastes and pollutants of low level. The brownfield sites have become very popular recently because of the lack of availability of green lands (lands which have not been built-upon in past). These sites are very popular in urban areas where demand for residential and commercial buildings is very high. In such areas the old buildings are destroyed and new buildings take their place. The government in UK is taking considerable steps to encourage the use of brownfield sites and these sites have become very popular in recent past. Brownfield sites are being developed on priority basis. Brownfield sites can be redeveloped in many ways, not only by constructing residential or commercial buildings but also as recreational and open spaces. The first step in the redevelopment of a brownfield site is its assessment through certain specified experimental procedures. These experimental procedures involve analysis of the soil, analysis of surface and ground water through testing for hazardous compounds. After the conduction of these tests test reports are obtained which dictate the extent of pollution and the nature of remedial measures. Certain specific laws are present which govern the redevelopment of brownfield sites, these laws are subjected to strict environmental regulations and these can be prohibitive for the developers. A brownfield site developer should not only know about the construction techniques but also should be highly equipped to cope with environmental challenges which are to be faced during the redevelopment of a brownfield site. After the correct assessment of the potential risks involved in the redevelopment of the brownfield site, the next step is the remediation. Remediation means the removal of al l the assessed contaminants to an extent that will bring the contamination level to a very low which is

Answer questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer questions - Coursework Example 2. The movies exposed the dark side of human beings. Capitalism was not the root of the problem at Enron Corporation. The unethical managers created a culture of greed at Enron. Everyone was fouled by the company due to the fact the investors which included thousands of employees thought the financial numbers of the company were legitimate. The upper managers created fake revenues in order to cook up the numbers. A company with ethically responsible upper management would not have suffered through the financial scandal Enron was exposed too. 3. One of the best ways to change the mentality of putting fast profits ahead of ethical behavior is by speaking out against unethical behavior and not supporting companies that are involved in unethical behavior. In the aftermath of the Enron scandal a law that helped bring back confidence in the marketplace was the Sarbanes and Oxley Act of 2002. 4. I believe energy prices should be regulated in order to ensure the customer gets the lowest poss ible price. In the open market companies are going to be looking to earn a reasonable profit. In government controlled regulation the state owned company can operate basically at cost. This helps lower the price of the electricity bill.

Social problems created by gambling Essay Example for Free

Social problems created by gambling Essay As you requested on August 2012, our report outlines the findings into how to minimize social problems arising from gambling. Since casino started operations, casino-related crimes have been occurring on average once a month. The more worrying trends are the increasing number of addicts and regression of their age. It has been reported that more youths 18 – 21 are seeking help for their addictions. (Channelnewsasia. com, February 8, 2012) Firstly we delve through news sites to define crimes that are considered casino related. Secondly, we scrutinize the Casino Control Act (CCA) and identified a number acts designed to curb social problems arising from gambling. Casino related crime comprise only 1% of all crimes due to vigilance of casino operators and cooperation with the police. Casino-Related crimes are defined as crimes occurring in and around the casino. Majority of the crimes committed are thefts of chips, attempting to cheat or cheating and impersonating another person to gain entry to the casino (Crime Statistics, October 3, 2011). The Casino Regulatory Authority was established to enforce the CCA and National Council on Problem Gambling (NCPG) was formed subsequently to address the problem caused by gambling and educating the public on the downside of gambling. Social safeguards were catered to protect the young and prevent families from disintegrating. 1. Entry Levy An entry fee of $100 daily or $2000 yearly will be levied on locals to serve as deterrence as patrons would have already lost $100 even before gambling. Casino operators will be fined for failing to enforce the levy or reimbursing patrons. Resort World Sentosa (RWS) was fined $600,000 and three of its employees charged for circumventing the CCA by providing free theme park tickets for patrons(Channelnewasia. com, September 12, 2012). 2. Minimum Age Casinos patrons are required to be above the age of 21 to prevent minors from entering the casino. 3. No extending of credits to Singaporeans and Permanent Residents Junkets are prohibited from operating in the casino and Casinos are prohibited to extend credits unless they are premium players defined as patrons who maintain a deposits with credit balanced not less than $100,000 before commencement of play. 4. No Automated Tellers Machine(ATM) ATMs will be prohibited in the casinos. This ensures patrons gamble within their cash limits. 5. NCPG NCPG formed an international advisory panel seeking foreign expertise in developing research and services to identify and control problem gambling. One outlet of educating the public is through developing dramas highlighting the woes of gambling. 6. Exclusion Orders NCPG can make, vary and revoke casino exclusion order banning locals from entering the casino from three orders; voluntary, third-party and family exclusion. Two of these orders (Family and Third-Party exclusions) are crucial aspect of social safeguarding preventing addicts from disintegrating families and ensuring receivers of alms does not squander their money. 7. Advertisements on Casino Casino operators are forbidden from advertising the casinos and gambling to local population. RWS was slapped with a hefty fine when they painted bus with casino logos and offers free ferry services to the casino. RECOMMENDATIONS Proposals were gathered from the public (Reach, August 17, 2012). Based on the feedback, we propose amendments to the CCA that will help minimize social problems. 1. Casino Visit Limit System We propose to limit the frequency of casino visits for Financial Vulnerable (FVs). This should not be limited to low-income workers; NCPG will assess individuals based on his ability to service debts and extent of his gambling habits. This is a moderate measure in controlling FV’s gambling addiction. This might cause respondents to instead double their bet in a visit causing more damage; however the NCPG can still review individuals and place them under casino exclusion instead. 2. Amendments to Casino Exclusion. We suggest allowing issuance of Family Exclusion Order even if respondent is absent. A mandatory assessment and counseling should be conducted before allowing their orders to be revoked. By simplifying and accelerating the process of applying an order so we can prevent respondent from incurring bigger debts. We suggest allowing applicants to just have the same address as the respondent instead of obtaining their Identification Number. We propose that fingerprints scanning be used on all locals visiting the casinos to prevent impersonators trying to circumvent the exclusion order. 3. Responsible Gambling and Personal Responsibility Casino’s employees should be trained to spot at-risk gamblers and advise them to seek help. We recommend screening mandatory videos to appeal to patrons their ‘real’ responsibility and to gamble within their limit before entering the casino. 4. Increasing Entry Levy By increasing the entry levy to $200, we will discourage youth as they have less spending power from visiting the casino. This will cause uproar with current patrons; however this will cause youths and current patrons to have second thoughts before going to the casino. 5. Increase minimum age of patrons We suggest increasing the minimum age of local patrons from 21 to 25. Majority of this age group are studying or just entered the workforce as such income will be lower. By upping the barrier young adults will be more resistant to gambling addiction. SUMMARY Singapore has one of the strictest casino rules in the world reflected by the low number of casino-related crime. We should however continue to be vigilant in deterring casino related crime. Protecting the youths and families from gambling should be our utmost priority. We should proactively seeks out these problems and ensure they do not overwhelm society. While proper framework is provided, more emphasis can be placed on personal responsibility and gamblers should constantly be reminded of their responsibility. By implementing stronger measures ensuring casinos does not circumvent the act, increasing minimum age of patrons and holding discussion between NCPG and casinos to implement measures that helps in educating the public on the consequence of gambling and their personal responsibility. BibLIOGRAPHY 1. Singapore Police Force(12 September 2011), Crime Situation for 2010. Retrieved form: http://www. spf. gov. sg/stats/stats2010_intro. htm 2. Channelnewasia. com, 12 September 2012, RWS Fine $600,000 for partially reimbursing entry levy. Retrieved form: http://www. channelnewsasia. com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1225593/1/. html 3. Attorney Generals Chambers. (2012). Casino Control Act. Retrieved ,21 September 2012, Retrieved form Singapore Statutes Online website: http://statutes. agc. gov. sg/ 4. National Library Board Singapore (2009), Lim Puay Ling, National Council on Problem Gambling. Retrieved form: http://infopedia. nl. sg/articles/SIP_1579_2009-10-05. html 5. The Wall Street Journal, Chun Han Wong, Singapore Looks to Stiffen Casino Regulation. Retrieved form: http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052702303684004577510601715432524. html 6. REACH, Respond to Public Feedback on Proposed Amendments to the Casino Control Act, Retrieved form: http://www. reach. gov. sg/portals/0/E-Consultation/News%20Release%20-%20Summary%20and%20Response%20to%20Consultation%20on%20CCA%20Amendment%20Bill. pdf.

Sexual Stereotypes and Stereotyping :: Feminism Feminist Women Criticism

Sexual Stereotyping: False Preconceptions and False Conclusions in Blaming Technology       In an excerpt titled "The Feminist Face of Antitechnology" from his 1981 book Blaming Technology, Samuel C. Florman explains why he thinks so few educated women in modern society are engineers.   The excerpt was written shortly after he had visited an all-female liberal arts school, Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, to convince a few young women to become engineers.   His mission failed and his essay makes clear why he had such trouble.       Florman has more than one idea as to why young, educated women shy away from engineering as a career option.   First, he notes that America has inherited much of its culture from England, where engineering has not been considered a high-class occupation.   This is apparently so because engineering did not fully separate from craftsmanship until the mid-nineteenth century.   Florman claims that most young, male engineers come from lower- and lower-middle-class families.   He also claims that most young women who are educated in math and science come from middle- and upper-class families.   For this reason, Florman explains that educated women generally see engineering as being below their social class, and therefore do not pursue it as an option.   He supports his position with a story about how Herbert Hoover, after a long conversation, told a woman that he was an engineer and how she responded,   "Why, I thought you were a gentleman!"1   Florman then turns to the fem inists and asks why they haven't taken the lead in changing this situation.         Florman's main argument against the feminist movement is that it is fueled by a greed for power.   He suggests that women, especially feminists, are attracted to perceivable power, or power which is obvious to the cultural eye.   They want to become doctors, lawyers, and politicians.   The desire for power is also intimately connected with social class, according to Florman.   He sees this as one of the major reasons as to why so few women seek out engineering: they see it as a career without power.   Florman sees women as being "a lot more interested in the privileges than in the responsibilities."   According to him, the "ultimate feminist dream will never be realized as long as women would rather supervise the world than help build it."   Until women strive to understand the technology around them, and help to create it, they will always suffer.

How Does John Stienbeck Create Tension in Chapter 2 Essay

Chapter two consists with George and Lennie starting work at a new farm. They meet the other ranch workers and the boss’s aggressive son Curley, and also his wife who comes into the bunk house and flirts with George an Lennie. As soon as Lennie glances at Curley’s wife, he is instantly attracted to her and George is worried by this. George makes Lennie promise to meet him by the pool if there is any trouble. For example , in weed when Lennie felt the little girls dress. Another character they meet is slim, he is in charge of the horses and also he is a man with natural authority. There are two separate styles of writing in of mice and men; descriptive style and dialogue. The dialogue in ‘Of Mice and Men’ is very realistic. Steinbeck tried to imitate the way the ranch workers spoke. He could have had George say (page35)’ I have seen women like this before, but I have never seen one as worse as a woman that has been put in jail.’ As it is , he h as George say ‘ I seen’ em poison before , but I never seen no piece of jail bait worse than her.’ The language of Steinbeck’s characters is written down in a way that allows you almost to hear the characters speaking and also their actions. Steinbeck spells words that reflects how illiterate some of the characters are. He also spells words like that, to reflect how they sound in the mouths of ordinary people not how the words appear in a dictionary. One of the techniques Steinbeck used was to leave the beginning and end off words. For example Steinbeck writes â€Å"an† for â€Å"and†, â€Å"jus† for â€Å"just†, â€Å"gonna† for â€Å"going to do something..† Steinbeck tends to start a chapter in a descriptive style, he often incorporates the natural beauty of the setting and the fertility of the land. (chapter 1) ‘ a few miles south of Soledad, the Salinas River drops in close to hillside bank.’ whereas in this chapter, a description of the bunk house is given, it lacks comfort. ‘ Inside the walls were whitewash ed and the floor unpainted.’ This is a starch contrast with the previous scene. The detailed description of the setting is always the place in which the action happens. In the novel tension is created through a series of ominous signs. I have noticed a particular order in which it is created in . Anger , then a calmer atmosphere which is then broken by anger , rage or confusion. Tension, anxiety and rage is created when Curley ( the boss’s son) enters the room. ‘he glanced coldly’ this suggests that he is unfriendly and a threat. ‘ he stiffened his fists†¦his glance was at once calculating and pugnacious.’ when Curley stiffened his firsts, this showed that he was looking for a fight , the readers already know that he is an aggressive character and confronts people with this. ‘ He hates big guys. He’s alla time picking scraps with big guys. Kind of like he’s mad at’em because he aint a big guy.’ The readers suddenly realise that there would be a future problem with Lennie and Curley, further on in the novel. Curley seems set on proving that he is a big man, in all but size. His success in the past as a boxer is an obsession, so every person Curley meets is a possible opponent. He sees life and everyone he faces as a competition. Curley’s authority on the ranch triggers tension as most of the ranch hands are frightened of him and do not want to confront him as there would be trouble. During chapter two, my sympathy fell towards the stable buck, Crook. He is a victim of racial prejudice. the way Candy gossiped about Crook to George and Lennie was unjust ,they would normally refer to Crook as ‘the nigger’. Nowadays that is a racial offence. They way Candy said that Crook has no respect he was the lowest of the low. ‘Nice fella too. Got a crooked back where a horse kicked him. The boss gives him hell when he’s mad. But the stable buck don’t give a damn about that.’ Despite Crook being discriminated against, he is a proud, independent and intelligent as he reads a lot. But none of these admirable features stop the boss from giving him ‘hell’. As he is not a respected character and he has no authority.

Nature Strongly Influences Early Human Development. Discuss Essay

Both nature and nurture play an important role in early human development. However, people have always wondered that our gene which we inherited from our parents or environmental factors influenced the most. This has been a mysterious around the globe for centuries. This essay will analyze that nurture is the most important. Nature which is the heredity from our parents plays a huge role in the development. Our personal characteristics were determined by the genetic structure of the fertilized ovum. The decision of our sex, hair color, eyes color comes from the gene which we inherited from our parents. Another example for the affections of gene on the development of human is that, a twin who was separated for almost 35years with different life history still share the same interest and personality when they meet each other. Moreover, because of the genetically programmed maturation , children’s behavior after birth flows the same as the time schedule of their innate ability such as rolling over, sitting without support, standing while holding on to furniture, etc. Although we see that nature influenced human the most, what really influences the development is nurture. For instance, even if all children go through the same sequences of motor behaviors, different children will go through the same stage at different rates. What’s more, the extension of motor behaviors can be hastened by extra stimulation or practice that infants received. As we can see, a child who was given an extra practice of walking everyday began to walk earlier than children who didn’t practice. Also, the development of speech is accelerated if an infant is encouraged and stimulated to speak. According to the belief of John Locke, babies have blank minds after their births. Their minds only improved from what they’ve learned and experienced through their senses. They do not inherit from their parents. Similarly, according to John B. Waston and B. F. Skinner, the nature of human can be adaptable. It doesn’t really depend on the heredity of the child but it does depend on the training that the child has received. He also stated that he can turn any infants to any kind of specialists such as lawyer, doctor, artist, or even thief and beggar regarding to his training but not their race of ancestors, tendencies, talents or abilities. In conclusion, either nature or nurture influenced new born infants in their own ways. It seems they can back up with strong supports. However, nurture influences more than nature because it has a strong power to alter our natural form and can possibly turn us into somewhat different. In my opinion, I also believe that nurture has a strong impact on children’s development because from my personal experience, I have to study in order to get the knowledge and skills and my lifestyle just adapt to the environment around me.

How Quantum Computers Work

How Quantum Computers Work A quantum computer is a computer design which uses the principles of quantum physics to increase the computational power beyond what is attainable by a traditional computer. Quantum computers have been built on a small scale and work continues to upgrade them to more practical models. How Computers Work Computers function by storing data in a binary number format, which result in a series of 1s 0s retained in electronic components such as transistors. Each component of computer memory is called a bit and can be manipulated through the steps of Boolean logic so that the bits change, based upon the algorithms applied by the computer program, between the 1 and 0 modes (sometimes referred to as on and off). How a Quantum Computer Would Work A quantum computer, on the other hand, would store information as either a 1, 0, or a quantum superposition of the two states. Such a quantum bit allows for far greater flexibility than the binary system. Specifically, a quantum computer would be able to perform calculations on a far greater order of magnitude than traditional computers ... a concept which has serious concerns and applications in the realm of cryptography encryption. Some fear that a successful practical quantum computer would devastate the worlds financial system by ripping through their computer security encryptions, which are based on factoring large numbers that literally cannot be cracked by traditional computers within the lifespan of the universe. A quantum computer, on the other hand, could factor the numbers in a reasonable period of time. To understand how this speeds things up, consider this example. If the qubit is in a superposition of the 1 state and the 0 state, and it performed a calculation with another qubit in the same superposition, then one calculation actually obtains 4 results: a 1/1 result, a 1/0 result, a 0/1 result, and a 0/0 result. This is a result of the mathematics applied to a quantum system when in a state of decoherence, which lasts while it is in a superposition of states until it collapses down into one state. The ability of a quantum computer to perform multiple computations simultaneously (or in parallel, in computer terms) is called quantum parallelism. The exact physical mechanism at work within the quantum computer is somewhat theoretically complex and intuitively disturbing. Generally, it is explained in terms of the multi-world interpretation of quantum physics, wherein the computer performs calculations not only in our universe but also in other universes simultaneously, while the various qubits are in a state of quantum decoherence. While this sounds far-fetched, the multi-world interpretation has been shown to make predictions which match experimental results. History of Quantum Computing Quantum computing tends to trace its roots back to a 1959 speech by Richard P. Feynman in which he spoke about the effects of miniaturization, including the idea of exploiting quantum effects to create more powerful computers. This speech is also generally considered the starting point of nanotechnology. Of course, before the quantum effects of computing could be realized, scientists and engineers had to more fully develop the technology of traditional computers. This is why, for many years, there was little direct progress, nor even interest, in the idea of making Feynmans suggestions into reality. In 1985, the idea of quantum logic gates was put forth by the University of Oxfords David Deutsch, as a means of harnessing the quantum realm inside a computer. In fact, Deutschs paper on the subject showed that any physical process could be modeled by a quantum computer. Nearly a decade later, in 1994, ATTs Peter Shor devised an algorithm that could use only 6 qubits to perform some basic factorizations ... more cubits the more complex the numbers requiring factorization became, of course. A handful of quantum computers has been built. The first, a 2-qubit quantum computer in 1998, could perform trivial calculations before losing decoherence after a few nanoseconds. In 2000, teams successfully built both a 4-qubit and a 7-qubit quantum computer. Research on the subject is still very active, although some physicists and engineers express concerns over the difficulties involved in upscaling these experiments to full-scale computing systems. Still, the success of these initial steps does show that the fundamental theory is sound. Difficulties With Quantum Computers The quantum computers main drawback is the same as its strength: quantum decoherence. The qubit calculations are performed while the quantum wave function is in a state of superposition between states, which is what allows it to perform the calculations using both 1 0 states simultaneously. However, when a measurement of any type is made to a quantum system, decoherence breaks down and the wave function collapses into a single state. Therefore, the computer has to somehow continue making these calculations without having any measurements made until the proper time, when it can then drop out of the quantum state, have a measurement taken to read its result, which then gets passed on to the rest of the system. The physical requirements of manipulating a system on this scale are considerable, touching on the realms of superconductors, nanotechnology, and quantum electronics, as well as others. Each of these is itself a sophisticated field which is still being fully developed, so trying to merge them all together into a functional quantum computer is a task which I dont particularly envy anyone ... except for the person who finally succeeds.

How To Make Small Talk With Your Boss

How To Make Small Talk With Your Boss Stuck in the elevator or the break room when your boss comes in? Suddenly panic and get tongue-tied? Want desperately impress but not to look in any way desperate? Never fear, you’ll no longer have to spend the rest of the day regretting your awkward small talk drivel. Here are 7 tips on how to talk to your boss without looking stupid or insane.1. Remember their humanity.Your boss is also a person. I know that can be hard to keep in mind, but it’s important to remember. Don’t overanalyze and read things into every single thing she says. Keep in mind she might be tired or having a bad day, or just preoccupied, and doesn’t mean anything by what she says. Bosses get to be introverted or awkward too!2. Read the signs.Body language is your friend here. Take note of your boss’s stance and gestures, then compare those to when he talks to other colleagues or co-workers. That furrowed brow might just be the way his face looks- not a sign he’s mad at y ou! If he looks really busy and closed off, leave the conversation to a minimum and try to charm him on another day.3. Know your answer.Guaranteed the first question you’ll be asked is â€Å"How are you?† or â€Å"How’s it going?† Don’t be caught out by this obvious first conversational parry. Have an answer ready that won’t trap you in the â€Å"Good. And you?† â€Å"Good† dead end. Pivot to a conversation about something you’re both working on, or some piece of company or industry news. Try to keep the conversation 80/20 about cool interesting work-related things, vs. personal matters- yours or hers.4. Trader Joe it.Ever been in a Trader Joe’s? Those employees are pathologically pleasant and instantly put customers at ease. Be easygoing and forthcoming. Throw in a few details and a charming smile and you might just make a lastingly positive impression.5. Talk about them.Accomplished people love nothing more than to talk about themselves. Give your boss a bit of leeway to do just that. Compliment a recent project or accomplishment of theirs, then sit back and let them direct the conversation.6. Talk travel.Particularly if your boss just got back from traveling or from vacation, you can always just ask how their trip went and then sit back and hear all the jealous-making details. Bonus points if you have some nice trivia or intel about the place they’ve just come from or are going next.7. Problem solve.If there’s a particularly stick or baffling bit of an upcoming project you’re working on, it can be a great idea to get your boss involved. Make her a part of the excitement of problem solving. Two heads are always better than one! Plus it gets your boss looking at how devoted and intent you are on doing excellent work for her and for the company. Bonus!

Corporate governance reform of listed company in china Essay

Corporate governance reform of listed company in china - Essay Example In addition, the corporate governance of a company is indispensible in influencing how the company is functioning. According to Development Institute (2005), â€Å"the presence of strong governance standards provides better access to capital and aids economic growth.† Thus good corporate governance ascertains that the business operation of a company is transparent and fair and simultaneously enables the controlling authorities to hold companies accountable for their actions in the market. On the contrary, weak corporate governance leads a company towards corruption, mismanagement as well as waste of useful resources (Lin, 2001). Centre for Financial Market Integrity (2007) mentioned that â€Å"Corporate governance is critically important to a country’s economic growth and stability, because it provides the credibility and confidence that is fundamental to capital markets.† Hence, from the discussion it is evident that corporate governance is an important subject for a nation’s economy. The recent history of corporate governance and economic reforms in China has been marked as one of the important phases of the country as it started to focus more on the development of private enterprises and capitalism (Bebchuk and Hamdani, 2009). Moreover, China also succeeded to align itself with the international economy and has further sought to espouse Western-style administration mechanisms and legal principles pertaining to the function of its companies (Rand Corporation, 2008). The chronological development of the corporate governance in China has passed through four major stages. The first stage was from 1949 to 1983, where state-owned enterprises (SOEs) subjugated the Chinese economy and as a result, the state controlled and commanded almost every economical aspect (Bhagat, Bolton and Romano, 2008). During this era, the Western-style corporate governance also did not existed in the country. The second stage was from 1984 to 1993. This phase is characterised by commencement of the separation of enterprise and government in China. The Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) and the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) was also established in this epoch. Alongside this, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) was also established as a government body to regulate the stock market. The third stage continued from 1994 to 2005, which is marked by the commencement of trialling the modern enterprise structures. The company law was also passed which mentioned the responsibilities and rights for the companies operating in China. Despite, the passage of company law, it had a far-reaching affect on the Chinese Economy and corporate governance and as a consequence, the state shareholders enjoyed overwhelming favouritism over single investors (Roe, 2002; Development Institute, 2005). The fourth stage as is currently in progress from 2006 onwards. During this phase corporate governance has witnessed colossal growths in China. It encompassed legislation that was aimed to form equilibrium of the power asymmetry among the individual or single shareholders and state shareholders. The current corporate governance system of china lacks credibility. This can be said from the fact that many of the Chinese companies are not aligning to the standard policies and regulations of the business as well as government

Research paper, chidren and junk food, what is the most influential Essay

Research paper, chidren and junk food, what is the most influential environment on children' love for junk food - Essay Example In this context social environment includes political and economic aspects outside the family environment. The thesis of the paper states that the family unit is better placed to deal which children food behaviors given the fact that it can regulate the impacts of social environment. Family environment is said to have the most significance impact on the choices children make especially with regard to fast foods. Mothers with a preference of junk food especially during pregnancy or breastfeeding are likely to pass the same eating choices to their children. According to a research by University of Adelaide, children can be addicted to high-sugar diet through maternal influence. The research urges that fast food is responsible for production of dopamine, which is a feel-good hormone. It remains active among the children born to mothers with high levels of the hormone. Such children will have to eat higher amounts of junk food to achieve the same stimulation. The research suggested that junk food is addictive. Some parents fall short of resisting children demands. The end result is that they give them money to purchase junk food. Fast food should be balanced with healthy food. Parents are expected to resist unhealthy demands from children especially with regard to fast foods. The internet has had a significant impact on the home environment (Whitacre 39). Parents rarely encourage healthy lifestyles for their children. In the United States, many children have television sets in their bedrooms (Whitacre 33). A rising percentage of children between 6 and 17 are said to have exposure to unhealthy food through television influence. This has led to increase energy intake through junk food. According to AAP, children should not have television sets in their bedrooms. Research indicates that a large number of children do not eat meals together with their family in most days of the week. This is encourages unchecked food behavior among children. According to studies, health y eating behaviors are said to develop when families take meals together. It is estimated that food prepared at home is more nutritious that take away or fast food. Families are better placed to regulate sugar intake and access to drinking water. This improves the food environment and minimizes the effects of fast foods. Parents are better placed to regulate the movement of children. This means they can limit access to retail venues that offer fast foods. The level of exposure and parental guidance plays a major role in the health and eating habits of a child. Parental advice can make children less susceptible to fast food campaigns (Whitacre 29). Research indicates that children tend to have parental preferences. Yet, few parents take time to discuss eating habits with their children. This has caused the social environment to overwhelm the family environment is some instances. There is a massive compaign against fast food. Some parents have rejected some schools on the basis on die t alone. Parents can influence the school diet by choosing institutions that are sensitive to children healthy diet. A compelling example is the schools that ban sodas and sugar-sweetened food. The role of social environment is expansive. Fast food bans for children would be welcome. This would mean banning some fast food restaurants that target children. It would also encourage banning fast food in school environments. The number of fast food chains has been increasing. The restaurants are available in local environments. Most of the choices

Academic appeal letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic appeal letter - Essay Example I was elated as Nursing has always been my passion. During the last semester, I suffered from a number of health conditions including High Blood pressure (Medical note will be presented on request). This took a toll on me, I was unable to focus on my studies, my energy level consistently kept dropping and I had to invigorate myself, which was not easy. Towards the end of semester ----- in 20--- I experienced considerable stress due to the breakdown of my relationship with my husband. His long hours of work and rotating shifts coupled with my endeavor to succeed, created an isolation period in the relationship. This was an extremely traumatic time for me as there were times when I taught he was seeing someone else. In addition to my own feelings, I also had to provide support to my son who was also going through a difficult time in Texas, where I left him. I found it extremely difficult to concentrate on completing university requirements both in terms of how I was feeling and also my need to attend to practical elements of our relationship. I was diagnosed with depression (please see attached letter of support from my counsellor). Unfortunately on November 11, 2011, my mother-in-law passed away and I was obviously very distressed as she was much close to me. I accompanied my husband to Grenada for the burial, which gave me very little time to study for my finals. I was granted special considerations during the semester in the form of extensions to my assignments but unfortunately the biggest impact was on my exam preparation. I perhaps should have applied for deferred examinations but I felt that it was better to push on and keep myself occupied with my studies. Unfortunately my preparation was significantly impacted on, as was my exam performance. While I continue to experience the impact of my relationship breakdown, I believe that my situation has improved enough for me to

Inventions From Romania

Inventions From Romania The world without Romania There are some countries without which the world would have a completely different face from what we know today. I mean we can all imagine a world without USA, Great Britain, France, Russia or Italy. A world without hamburgers, pizza, chinesse food, a world without corporations, movies, Madonna, Michael Jackson or without Einstein. The list could go on forever. How many of you tried to think of a world without Romania? Those of you who haven’t, please pay attention Inventions For example how would you imagine the world without Romanian inventions? For the beginning try to imagine writing your entire life with a pencil.Not so convenient, right? in case you didn’t know, Petrache Poenaru, who was a famous Romanian inventor of the Enlightenment era, invented the worlds first fountain pen in 1827, and also designed the current tricolour flag of Romania. Ã…Å ¾tefan Odobleja, another Romanian scientist was one of the precursors of cybernetics. He had established many of the major themes of cybernetics regarding cybernetics and systems thinking ten years before the work of Norbert Wiener, the founder of cybernetics. How many of you flew by plane at least once in your life? Well, for traveling long distances in a short period of time we all should be grateful in the first place to Aurel Vlaicu, who built the first arrow-shaped airplane. He lost his life in 1913 near Cà ¢mpina while attempting to cross in flight the Carpathian Mountains in his aged Vlaicu II airplane. In the same category we can also remind Henry Coanda, the builder of worlds first jet powered aircraft, the Coanda-1910. He discovered and gave his name to the Coandă effect. Medicine Romanians helped medicine to develop. For example, Nicolae Paulescu, the Romanian physiologist is the inventor of insulin, a very controversial invention initially and very much disregarded, only 50 years later after 2 canadians received the Nobel prize for the same invention, he was finally recognized and declared as The True Inventor of Insulin. Another Romanian who received a Nobel Prize for his magnificent work in medicine is George Emil Palade, for discovering the vacuole. Art The history of art would have been many pages thinner without such a great sculptor as Constantin Brancusi whose works which blend simplicity and sophistication, led the way for numerous modernist sculptors. I’m sure you all heard about his works like The Endless Column, The Table of Silence, and The Gate of Kiss from Tg jiu or of Mademoiselle Pogany from Philadelphia Museum of Art which are appreciated all over the world. Romania is also famous for The Gates from Maramures which are unique for their architecture. There is Indeed no other place in the world than Bucovina in Northern Moldavia, where The Monasteries are one of the greatest artistic monuments in Europe. This painted monasteries are part of UNESCO s World Heritage for their rarity and beauty. A thing that not many people know is that Romania has found the most vibrant blue colour in the world. It is renowned world wide and nobody has been able to find the exact combination used to obtained it. It’s called Voronet blue from well renowned Monastery of Moldovia. Probably a long time would have passed until someone may have thought of writing a complete history of religions. Mircea Eliade was the first one to do it. Romanian people are known as optimistic and full of sense of humor. Nobody would have thought of mocking a serious matter like death. We have our own way of dealing with it by laughing in it’s face. We are the first nation to have a Happy Graveyard, renowned for it’s story telling funeral place. Hollywood should thank us. We gave them inspiration to create one of the most famous character in the movie history, that is Dracula. Vlad Tepes, the Romanian medieval ruler, had the bad luck to become the blood thirsty demon of modern times. Sport Maybe slightly surprising for a country of its size, Romania has been one of the most successful countries in the history of sports. I’m sure few of you know that Americans have one thing to be greatful to us:their national sport. Romanians invented the godfather of baseball, a sort of baseball that is, oina. The most popular sport in Romania is football. In 1986, the Romanian soccer club Steaua BucureÃ…Å ¸ti became the first Eastern European club ever, and only one of the two (the other being Red Star Belgrade) to win the prestigious European Champions Cup title. This victory was achieved thanks to Helmuth Duckadam who defended four penalty strikes in a row, performance that got him to guinness book. Another famous football player is Gheorghe Hagi. Nicknamed The Maradona of the Carpathians, he is considered a hero in his homeland as well as in Turkey. He has won his countrys Player of the Year award six times, and was recently named Romanian football player of the century. In present time we also have internationally known football players like Adrian Mutu, Cristian Chivu or Bogdan Lobont. Handball is the most popular sport in Romania after football. The Romanian mens national team has won the Handball World Cup a record 4 times. The only other team to have matched this record is Sweden in 1999. Romania womens national handball team has won the Handball World Cup in 1962. Steaua and Dinamo have also won several European titles over the years. Basketball is a very popular sport among Romanian youth. Gheorghe MureÃ…Å ¸an was the first Romanian to enter NBA, and he became known as the tallest man ever to play in that league. Another product of the Romanian basketball school was Toni Alexe. Ilie Năstase, the tennis player, is another internationally known Romanian sports star. He won several Grand Slam titles and dozens of other tournaments and was the first player to be ranked as number 1 by ATP from 1973 to 1974; he also was a successful doubles player. Romania has also reached the Davis Cup finals three times. In the 1976 Summer Olympics, the gymnast Nadia Comăneci became the first gymnast ever to score a perfect ten. She also won three gold medals, one silver and one bronze, all at the age of fourteen.[1] Her success continued in the 1980 Summer Olympics, where she was awarded two gold medals and two silver medals. Landscapes Romania offers a lot of tourist attractions and vacation experiences unique in Central-Eastern Europe. Enjoy our top five things to see in Romania movie. The world couldn’t live without†¦ Our beautiful women. The Romanian girls are known all over the world for their beauty, but also for their talents and intelligence. Also if we are good at one thing, that is having a good time. Gastronomically speaking we are the proud owners of the most tasty dishes in the world. And if you try these, we strongly recommend you to feast your senses with our word renown wines. We are beautiful, we know how to have a good time, but also we are known for our intelligence. Maybe not all of you know that the second spoken language in Microsoft Company is Romanian. Romania Records Most expensive newspaper copy-Romanian newspaper sets world record BUCHAREST, Romania The Auroch and the Eagle (Zimbrulu and Vulturulu), bought for 830 000 Euros by Joseph Hackmey. sets the world record for the most expensive newspaper copy in the world. At the last auction, held in Geneva by the „David Feldman auction house, the piece had a starting price of 500.000 Euro and was sold for 700.000 Euro to Joseph Hackmey. With fees and commissions involved, the final price reached 829.500 Euros. The amount made The Auroch and the Eagle (Zimbrulu and Vulturulu) the most expensive newspaper copy in the world. Longest Love Poem-world record set by the Luceafarul IASI, Romania Luceafarul by Mihai Eminescu, a 98 stanzas long poem about the impossible love between immortal Luceafarul and a beautiful mortal princess sets the world record for the Longest Love Poem. Largest administrative building-world record set by The Palace of the Romanian Parliament [April 4] BUCHAREST, RomaniaThe Palace of the Romanian Parliament has a floor area of 360,000 square meter -setting the world record for the largest administrative building. The Palace of the Romanian Parliament is also the worlds Haviest building and also the worlds Most Expensive Administrative building in the world: updated total costs (2006) are estimated at 4 billions USD. Most successful women coach-world record set by Maria Bitang [April 18] BUCHAREST, RomaniaMaria Bitang, 46, Romanian gymnastics coach (1992-2005), has set the world record for the Most Successful Women Coach: 19 Olympics Medals and a total of 152 medals at World and European Championships and Olympic Games. They say behind every successful man, there is a woman. Octavian Bellu has coached the Romanian national squad since 1981. Maria Bitang joined him in early 90s. Along with the team they have obtained more than 250 international medals. The outstanding results Maria Bitang and Octavian Belu achieved made them the worlds most successful coaching duo. Largest indoor flag-the Romanian flag displayed at Aarhus WC [June 26] BUCHAREST, Romania The largest indoor flag in the world is the 69 m Romanian flag, displayed by the Romanian fans at the World Gymnastics Championships in Aarhus, Denmark, last October. The giant flag was proudly displayed by the Romanian gymnastics fans. Most powerful Human Magnet-world record set by Aurel Raileanu [Sep 20] BUCHAREST, Romania Aurel Raileanu, a hospital worker has set the world record for the most powerful Human Magnet-he can lift a 26kg TV set. Aurel Raileanu, known as The Human Magnet for his extraordinary ability, can even make a 26kgTV set cling to his chest without the aid of wires, blue or string. The 40-year-old bachelor, who lives with his mum, claims he doesn’t know how he becomes a magnet for objects. Aurel Raileanu admits he cannot explain his gift, which allows many objects — not just metal — to stick to his chest, neck and forehead. Longest Skydive Jump-world record set by romanian skydivers [Oct 19] BUCHAREST,RomaniaRomanian skydivers , sport masters Popescu Valerica, Rites Ionut Irinel, Grigore Dan Cristian and Andrei Gabriel from Romanian AirClub has established the new world record for The Longest Skydive Jump , jumping in second Millenium and landing in third Millenium. In the night between 31.12.2000 and 01.012001, jumping from 1000 m on the second Millenium and landing in third Millenium, the skydivers marked the Millenium change in free fall. This particular skydive was a very difficult jump to be made because of several factors : night time , low temperatures and an unusual trajectory between exploding fireworks. Youngest Skydiver-world record set by Valentina Mihanciu [Nov 5] STREJNIC, Romania The 9 year old Romanian VALENTINA MIHANCIU has set a world record for the youngest skydiver, after performing a jup in tandem with her trainer at Strejnic, Ploiesti-Romania airfield, from a height of 4000 m, with a free fall of 55 seconds. Largest Wedding Vow Renewal set world record in Bucharest [July 7] BUCHAREST, Romania 305 couples who are married for more than 50 years were reunited today in Bucharest for their wedding vow renewal and set a new world record for the largest wedding vow renewal. The Golden Marriage celebration was joined in by more than 1,000 guests. The official ceremony included a religious service, messages from high respected artists, film directors and the mother of Romanian Prime Minister. After the wedding vow renewal, the 305 pairs were offered a champagne reception by the mayor Ontanu and the possibility to attend as special guests some of the 91 new marriage concluded today. Largest Bride Parade-world record set in Bucharest BUCHAREST, Romania Around 100 brides sporting full bridal regalia took part in a parade in Bucharest, to promote the institution of marriage in Romanian society-setting a new world record category for the Largest Bride Parade. Organizers of the Bride Parade said they intend to promote marriage as a way of maintaining traditional family values in this Orthodox country. The atmosphere was celebratory as dozens of women dressed in various white dresses, veils and tiaras marched to the sounds of trumpeters playing wedding songs. Youngest Successful Singer-world record set by Cleopatra Stratan BUCHAREST, Romania Cleopatra Stratan was aged only 3 years when her two hours, 28 songs long concert was performed on August 20, 2006 in Bucharest, Romania. The concert was limited to 400 people and Cleopatra Stratan was accompanied on guitar by her father; singer Pavel Stratan (a top Moldavian artist). She is actually the first artist ever to perform live on a stage in front of a large audience at the age of 3. Longest Condom Chainworld record set by PSI Foundation [Nov 1] BUCHAREST, RomaniaRomanian organization the Population Services International (PSI) Foundation set up the Longest Condom Chain in the world, which at 3,300 meters was registered as a new world record. In the presence of Romanian celebrities-like Romanias Pop Diva Loredana Groza Boncea (see photo) and other NGOs active in the HIV/AIDS field, 1683 people tied togheter 25.773 Love Plus condoms, making a 3268,47 meters long condom chain.

Linux vs Windows TCO :: essays research papers

There has been significant interest in the broader business community regarding the difference in the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) between the Linux and Open Source solutions on one side and Microsoft's proprietary Windows solutions on the other. Microsoft software is licenced to users on a feeforproduct basis, whereas most Linux and open source applications are available free of charge. There are, however, installation and support costs to consider. We will take all such costs into consideration in the models we present. While it is difficult to qualitatively analyse all of the TCO factors at play, it is possible to produce a reasonable firstpass quantitative estimate for the instantiation and operation of a complete computer environment and network infrastructure for a smalltomedium organisation, to illuminate the TCO differences between these two competing platforms. To that end, we have modelled an organisation with 250 computerusing staff, an appropriate number of workstations, servers, Internet connectivity, an ebusiness system, network cabling and hardware, standard software, and salaries for IT professionals to establish and support this infrastructure and technology. We've also added IT training for the staff along with expenditure items for ancillary IT systems and external consulting staff to assist in making it all work. We ran the model with two options: firstly, purchasing brand new hardware and network infrastructure explicitly for establishing this organisation's computer systems; and secondly, using preexisting hardware and infrastructure. We also simulated the IT expenses over a 3 year period, mimicking the operational lifespan of many corporate computer systems, and amortising the purchase and installation costs over that period of time. Throughout this comparison, we will be presenting the raw data as well as the explicative methodologies used in the determination of the overall costs. While we have taken care and effort to present a holistic analysis, we are mindful that no organisation is likely to operate with the exact parameters presented here, and we therefore recommend the use of the document as a guide only. Consider this document as a primer which you can use to generate an enhanced TCO model specifically tailored for your organisation, by removing those line items which don't make sense for your site and adding additional costs which are specific to your organisation. Further, while this document makes express use of technology and services found within the IT industry, it is intended for an audience of nonIT executives within small to medium sized organisations. The final results are summarized in the tables below. One compares the TCO difference between Standard Linux (namely the one that isn't acquired with a prepaid support contract) and Microsoft's platform. The second compares Red Hat's managed Enterprise Linux and Microsoft's platform. Linux vs Windows TCO :: essays research papers There has been significant interest in the broader business community regarding the difference in the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) between the Linux and Open Source solutions on one side and Microsoft's proprietary Windows solutions on the other. Microsoft software is licenced to users on a feeforproduct basis, whereas most Linux and open source applications are available free of charge. There are, however, installation and support costs to consider. We will take all such costs into consideration in the models we present. While it is difficult to qualitatively analyse all of the TCO factors at play, it is possible to produce a reasonable firstpass quantitative estimate for the instantiation and operation of a complete computer environment and network infrastructure for a smalltomedium organisation, to illuminate the TCO differences between these two competing platforms. To that end, we have modelled an organisation with 250 computerusing staff, an appropriate number of workstations, servers, Internet connectivity, an ebusiness system, network cabling and hardware, standard software, and salaries for IT professionals to establish and support this infrastructure and technology. We've also added IT training for the staff along with expenditure items for ancillary IT systems and external consulting staff to assist in making it all work. We ran the model with two options: firstly, purchasing brand new hardware and network infrastructure explicitly for establishing this organisation's computer systems; and secondly, using preexisting hardware and infrastructure. We also simulated the IT expenses over a 3 year period, mimicking the operational lifespan of many corporate computer systems, and amortising the purchase and installation costs over that period of time. Throughout this comparison, we will be presenting the raw data as well as the explicative methodologies used in the determination of the overall costs. While we have taken care and effort to present a holistic analysis, we are mindful that no organisation is likely to operate with the exact parameters presented here, and we therefore recommend the use of the document as a guide only. Consider this document as a primer which you can use to generate an enhanced TCO model specifically tailored for your organisation, by removing those line items which don't make sense for your site and adding additional costs which are specific to your organisation. Further, while this document makes express use of technology and services found within the IT industry, it is intended for an audience of nonIT executives within small to medium sized organisations. The final results are summarized in the tables below. One compares the TCO difference between Standard Linux (namely the one that isn't acquired with a prepaid support contract) and Microsoft's platform. The second compares Red Hat's managed Enterprise Linux and Microsoft's platform.